Definitions for Chapter 3

Alphabetic Knowledge - Knowledge of letter names or letter sounds

Decoding nonwords - Use of symbol sound relations to verbalize pronounceable nonwords (e.g. “gleap,” “taip,”).

Decoding not otherwise specified - Use of symbol sounds relations to verbalize real words, pronounceable nonwords, or both.

Decoding words - Use of symbol-sound relations to verbalize real words or use of orthographic knowledge to verbalize sight words (e.g., “have,” “give,” “knight”).

Phonological Awareness - Ability to detect, manipulate, or analyze components of spoken words independent of meaning. Examples include detection of common onsets between words (alliteration detection) or common rime units (rhyme detection); combining syllables, onset rimes or phonemes to form words; deleting sounds from words; counting syllables or phonemes in words; or reversing phonemes in words.